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1.
Front Pharmacol ; 14: 1291677, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38074132

RESUMO

Intravenous augmentation therapy with human alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor for the management of respiratory disease is recommended for people with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) who are nonsmokers or former smokers. Augmentation therapy usually requires weekly administration at the hospital or clinic and poses an additional burden for patients due to interference with daily life, including work and social activities. Self-administration is a useful alternative to overcome this limitation, but there is a lack of published information on clinical outcomes. We report two cases of individuals with AATD at different stages of the disease who were successfully managed with self-administered augmentation therapy, with increased satisfaction because of the independence gained, lack of interference with clinical stability, and no relevant safety issues.

2.
Nutr Hosp ; 39(5): 971-976, 2022 Oct 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36094069

RESUMO

Introduction: Objective: to assess and analyse a medication adaptation pathway for feeding tube administration followed by clinical pharmacists for patients at discharge, and to analyse the level of physician acceptance of the recommendations issued by pharmacists in pharmaceutical care reports to improve patient therapy. Methods: a multidisciplinary protocol for treatment adaptation to feeding tube administration at discharge was implemented in a 350-bed hospital during 2019, in which pharmacists prepared feeding tube medication-adaptation reports during pharmaceutical care visits. The number of recommendations related to adaptation of a drug to route of administration was recorded and classified as need for change of active substance or change of pharmaceutical form. Physician acceptance of pharmacist recommendations was analysed in a one-year retrospective observational study. Results: a total of 66 pharmaceutical care visits were recorded for 57 patients (1.2 visits per patient). In 47 of these 66 visits (71.2 %), at least one drug modification was required in a patient prescription, and the median number of drugs per patient needing to be modified was 2. Overall, 93 of the 489 prescribed drugs (19.0 %) required some changes to be suitable for administration via feeding tube: change of active substance in 52.7 % (49/93) of cases, and change of pharmaceutical form in 47.3 % (44/93) of cases. The physicians' level of acceptance of recommendations was 43.0 % (40/93), and change of pharmaceutical form was less accepted than change of active substance. Conclusion: the inclusion of clinical pharmacists in multidisciplinary teams leads to an improvement in adapting medication to feeding tube administration, but also shows a lack of communication or understanding of pharmacist recommendations by physicians resulting in a low rate of prescription changes.


Introducción: Objetivo: evaluar y analizar un circuito de adaptación de la medicación para la administración por sonda de alimentación llevado a cabo por farmacéuticos clínicos para pacientes al alta, y analizar el nivel de aceptación por parte de los médicos de las recomendaciones emitidas por los farmacéuticos en los informes de atención farmacéutica para mejorar la terapia de los pacientes. Métodos: durante el año 2019 se implementó en un hospital de 350 camas un protocolo multidisciplinario de adaptación del tratamiento para la administración por sonda de alimentación al alta, en el cual los farmacéuticos elaboraron informes de adaptación de la medicación por sonda de alimentación durante las visitas de atención farmacéutica. Se registró el número de recomendaciones relacionadas con la adecuación del fármaco a la vía de administración y se clasificaron como necesidad de cambio de principio activo o cambio de forma farmacéutica. La aceptación de las recomendaciones de los farmacéuticos por parte de los médicos se analizó en un estudio observacional retrospectivo de un año. Resultados: se registraron un total de 66 visitas de atención farmacéutica para 57 pacientes (1,2 visitas por paciente). En 47 de estas 66 visitas (71,2 %) se requirió al menos una modificación de medicamentos en la prescripción de los pacientes, y la mediana de medicamentos por paciente que necesitaban modificarse fue de 2. En total, 93 de los 489 medicamentos prescritos (19,0 %) requirió algunos cambios para ser aptos para la administración por sonda: cambio de principio activo en el 52,7 % (49/93) de los casos y cambio de forma farmacéutica en el 47,3 % (44/93) de los casos. El nivel de aceptación de las recomendaciones por parte de los médicos fue del 43,0 % (40/93), siendo menos aceptado el cambio de forma farmacéutica que el cambio de principio activo. Conclusión: la inclusión de farmacéuticos clínicos en equipos multidisciplinarios conduce a una mejora en la adaptación de la medicación a la administración por sonda de alimentación, pero también muestra que existe una falta de comunicación o comprensión de las recomendaciones de los farmacéuticos por parte de los médicos, lo que resulta en una baja tasa de cambios en la prescripción.


Assuntos
Alta do Paciente , Assistência Farmacêutica , Humanos , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Farmacêuticos , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
Nutr. hosp ; 39(5): 971-976, sep.-oct. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-213953

RESUMO

Objective: to assess and analyse a medication adaptation pathway for feeding tube administration followed by clinical pharmacists for patients at discharge, and to analyse the level of physician acceptance of the recommendations issued by pharmacists in pharmaceutical care reports to improve patient therapy. Methods: a multidisciplinary protocol for treatment adaptation to feeding tube administration at discharge was implemented in a 350-bed hospital during 2019, in which pharmacists prepared feeding tube medication-adaptation reports during pharmaceutical care visits. The number of recommendations related to adaptation of a drug to route of administration was recorded and classified as need for change of active substance or change of pharmaceutical form. Physician acceptance of pharmacist recommendations was analysed in a one-year retrospective observational study. Results: a total of 66 pharmaceutical care visits were recorded for 57 patients (1.2 visits per patient). In 47 of these 66 visits (71.2 %), at least one drug modification was required in a patient prescription, and the median number of drugs per patient needing to be modified was 2. Overall, 93 of the 489 prescribed drugs (19.0 %) required some changes to be suitable for administration via feeding tube: change of active substance in 52.7 % (49/93) of cases, and change of pharmaceutical form in 47.3 % (44/93) of cases. The physicians’ level of acceptance of recommendations was 43.0 % (40/93), and change of pharmaceutical form was less accepted than change of active substance. (AU)


Objetivo: evaluar y analizar un circuito de adaptación de la medicación para la administración por sonda de alimentación llevado a cabo por farmacéuticos clínicos para pacientes al alta, y analizar el nivel de aceptación por parte de los médicos de las recomendaciones emitidas por los farmacéuticos en los informes de atención farmacéutica para mejorar la terapia de los pacientes. Métodos: durante el año 2019 se implementó en un hospital de 350 camas un protocolo multidisciplinario de adaptación del tratamiento para la administración por sonda de alimentación al alta, en el cual los farmacéuticos elaboraron informes de adaptación de la medicación por sonda de alimentación durante las visitas de atención farmacéutica. Se registró el número de recomendaciones relacionadas con la adecuación del fármaco a la vía de administración y se clasificaron como necesidad de cambio de principio activo o cambio de forma farmacéutica. La aceptación de las recomendaciones de los farmacéuticos por parte de los médicos se analizó en un estudio observacional retrospectivo de un año. Resultados: se registraron un total de 66 visitas de atención farmacéutica para 57 pacientes (1,2 visitas por paciente). En 47 de estas 66 visitas (71,2 %) se requirió al menos una modificación de medicamentos en la prescripción de los pacientes, y la mediana de medicamentos por paciente que necesitaban modificarse fue de 2. En total, 93 de los 489 medicamentos prescritos (19,0 %) requirió algunos cambios para ser aptos para la administración por sonda: cambio de principio activo en el 52,7 % (49/93) de los casos y cambio de forma farmacéutica en el 47,3 % (44/93) de los casos. El nivel de aceptación de las recomendaciones por parte de los médicos fue del 43,0 % (40/93), siendo menos aceptado el cambio de forma farmacéutica que el cambio de principio activo. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alta do Paciente , Assistência Farmacêutica , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Farmacêuticos , Espanha
4.
Nutr Hosp ; 39(3): 610-614, 2022 Jun 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35485373

RESUMO

Introduction: Objective: the objective of our study was to evaluate the level of understanding of ostomy patients regarding lifestyle, diet, and high output stoma (HOS) management recommendations provided by healthcare professionals. Method: a prospective study to follow up ostomy patients at nutritional consultations was designed. The follow-up process was performed 7-10 days after hospital discharge and again one month later. At the first visit, patients were instructed in the detection and management of HOS. At the second visit, the level of understanding of the training received was assessed using an evaluation questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the answers to each of the questionnaire's items was performed. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate differences in the level of understanding recorded with the questionnaire. Results: a total of 35 patients were recruited; 71.4 % did not provide correct answers to all the questions. There were no significant differences in the correctness of the answers to the questionnaire according to education level. Conclusions: many patients do not adequately understand the information provided by healthcare professionals and this could have a negative impact on the incidence of clinical complications.


Introducción: Objetivo: el objetivo de nuestro estudio fue evaluar el nivel de comprensión de los pacientes ostomizados con respecto a las recomendaciones sobre estilo de vida, dieta y manejo de la ostomía de alto débito (OAD) proporcionadas por los profesionales de la salud. Método: se diseñó un estudio prospectivo para el seguimiento de pacientes ostomizados en consulta de nutrición. El seguimiento se realizó 7-10 días después del alta hospitalaria y a continuación un mes después. En la primera visita, se instruyó a los pacientes sobre la detección y el tratamiento de OAD. En la segunda visita se evaluó el nivel de comprensión de la formación recibida mediante un cuestionario de evaluación. Se registraron las respuestas dadas a cada uno de los ítems del cuestionario y se realizó un análisis descriptivo. Para evaluar las diferencias en el nivel de comprensión registrado con el cuestionario se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: se reclutaron 35 pacientes. El 71,4 % no respondieron correctamente a todas las preguntas. La exactitud de las respuestas al cuestionario no mostró diferencias significativas según el nivel educativo. Conclusiones: un gran número de pacientes no comprende adecuadamente la información que ofrecen los profesionales sanitarios y esto podría tener un impacto negativo en el desarrollo de complicaciones clínicas.


Assuntos
Estomia , Dieta , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
Eur J Hosp Pharm ; 25(e1): e59-e61, 2018 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31157068

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To describe a clinical pharmacist's (CP) activity in an emergency department (ED) regarding medication reconciliation and optimisation of pharmacotherapy of patients at hospital admission. METHODS: A 1-year prospective observational study was conducted to analyse the activity of a CP in the ED of a 350-bed hospital in Spain. The CP reviewed home medications and medical prescriptions of patients to perform medication reconciliation if required and intervene if medication errors were detected. RESULTS: The CP reviewed medications and medical orders of 1048 patients. 816 patients had home medication: 440 patients (53.9%) were correctly reconciled by the physician; 136 (16.7%) were reconciled by the physician with unintentional discrepancies; and 240 (29.4%) by the CP, with a higher percentage in patients admitted to surgical departments (χ2:38.698; P<0.001). Following pharmaceutical validation, 434 pharmaceutical interventions were performed. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a CP in an ED could increase the detection of reconciliation errors and help resolve medication errors.

6.
Eur J Hosp Pharm ; 25(e1): e62-e65, 2018 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31157069

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To describe a medication reconciliation (MR) procedure prepared by the pharmacist for patients admitted for elective surgery and to assess the surgeon's degree of acceptance. METHODS: A 1-year retrospective observational study was conducted. The patient population consisted of patients aged ≥18 years admitted during 2016 for elective surgery and whose planned length of hospital stay was >24 hours. A pharmacist performed MR following a specific protocol. A review of the reconciliations prescribed later by the surgeons was conducted. Statistical analyses were performed for qualitative and quantitative variables. RESULTS: The pharmacist prepared a total of 1986 reconciliation reports. The 179 patients reviewed in this study had a mean age of 65.7±11.8 years, 49.2% were women and 98.9% of patients were reconciled by the surgeon in the operating theatre using an electronic prescribing system (85.5% were fully reconciled). CONCLUSION: The hospital's MR protocol resulted in almost 100% of patients being reconciled within the subgroup of elective surgery patients by the prescribing surgeons.

7.
Support Care Cancer ; 23(7): 1917-23, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25487841

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Docetaxel is one of the most widely used anticancer drugs and an ideal candidate for the development of generic formulations to reduce the economic cost. However, the use of generic drugs is an issue of debate because studies of their safety and efficacy in comparison with the original drug are not required for approval. The aim of this study is to determine whether the change in the formulation of the original drug is responsible for the toxicity changes observed. METHODS: A retrospective study contrasts the incidence of acute infusion reactions and skin reactions to four different presentations of docetaxel including the original drug. These drugs differ in the amounts of excipients. RESULTS: 1.031 doses of docetaxel were administered to 268 patients. A total of 26 grade 3/4 infusion reactions were detected. Compared to the original formulation, the relative risk of acute infusion reaction was 3.74 (1.52-9.18, p = 0.002), 0.57 (0.19-1.64, p = 0.288) and 0.37 (0.1-1.34, p = 0.117) for the patients treated with drugs 2, 3 and 4. For the dermal toxicity, 9 % of patients suffered a clinically significant skin reaction. The relative risks of clinically significant dermal toxicity for the different formulations of docetaxel versus the original formulation were as follows: 6.15 (2.78-13.58) and 7.13 (3.24-15.69) for drugs 3 and 4 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that some toxic effects of docetaxel may be related to the excipients used in different formulations of the drug.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Dermatopatias/induzido quimicamente , Taxoides/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/química , Docetaxel , Medicamentos Genéricos/administração & dosagem , Medicamentos Genéricos/efeitos adversos , Medicamentos Genéricos/química , Excipientes/administração & dosagem , Excipientes/efeitos adversos , Excipientes/química , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Taxoides/administração & dosagem , Taxoides/química
8.
Nutr Hosp ; 30(6): 1391-6, 2014 Dec 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25433123

RESUMO

High output stoma is a frequent complication in patients with ileostomies that is not well identified and is not often properly addressed by clinicians. It has not been described properly, and can vary between debits of 2.000ml in 24 h to 1.500 ml in 3-5 days, according to different authors. Frequently presents both short-term and long-term negative implications for patients and is associated with readmissions. We present a review of published literature focusing in surgical resection-related factors that influence a later appearance of this complication, causes involved in its development, the need to establish a clear and objective concept of high ouput as well as the negative implications it presents. Also we develop how should we the management of these patients regarding treatment and nutritional approach.


La ostomía de alto débito es una complicación frecuente en pacientes portadores de ileostomías que está poco identificada y que no suele ser adecuadamente abordada desde el punto de vista clínico. No está descrita de manera consensuada, pudiendo variar entre débitos de 2.000 ml en 24h o alrededor de 1.500 ml en durante 3-5 días, según los autores. Suele presentar graves consecuencias para el paciente tanto a corto como a largo plazo y está asociada a reingresos. Se presenta una revisión de la literatura publicada al respecto sobre los factores relacionados con la resección quirúrgica que influyen en una posterior aparición de esta complicación, las causas que intervienen en su desarrollo, la necesidad de establecer un concepto objetivo y claro de alto débito así como las implicaciones negativas presenta. Así mismo se recoge como debe realizarse el manejo de estos pacientes con respecto al tratamiento y abordaje nutricional.


Assuntos
Ileostomia/efeitos adversos , Distúrbios Nutricionais/etiologia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/terapia , Apoio Nutricional/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Humanos , Deficiência de Magnésio/etiologia , Deficiência de Magnésio/terapia
9.
Am J Health Syst Pharm ; 71(14): 1210-8, 2014 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24973381

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) was used to identify potential errors and to enable the implementation of measures to improve the safety of neonatal parenteral nutrition (PN). METHODS: FMEA was used to analyze the preparation and dispensing of neonatal PN from the perspective of the pharmacy service in a general hospital. A process diagram was drafted, illustrating the different phases of the neonatal PN process. Next, the failures that could occur in each of these phases were compiled and cataloged, and a questionnaire was developed in which respondents were asked to rate the following aspects of each error: incidence, detectability, and severity. The highest scoring failures were considered high risk and identified as priority areas for improvements to be made. RESULTS: The evaluation process detected a total of 82 possible failures. Among the phases with the highest number of possible errors were transcription of the medical order, formulation of the PN, and preparation of material for the formulation. After the classification of these 82 possible failures and of their relative importance, a checklist was developed to achieve greater control in the error-detection process. FMEA demonstrated that use of the checklist reduced the level of risk and improved the detectability of errors. CONCLUSION: FMEA was useful for detecting medication errors in the PN preparation process and enabling corrective measures to be taken. A checklist was developed to reduce errors in the most critical aspects of the process.


Assuntos
Lista de Checagem , Erros de Medicação/prevenção & controle , Nutrição Parenteral/efeitos adversos , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar/métodos , Hospitais Gerais , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Nutrição Parenteral/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco/métodos , Gestão de Riscos/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários
10.
Nutr Hosp ; 29(3): 695-7, 2014 Mar 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24559017

RESUMO

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is essential in the treatment of many hospitalized patients. However, administration of PN is not without potential complications and patients are exposed to related possible adverse reactions such as hypersensitivity. For that reason and because of the complexity of this treatment, PNs are considered by the ISMP (Institute for Safe Medication Practice) a high risk medication. Following is introduced the case of an oncologic patient with severe malnutrition, who after receiving PN for several days, developed a hypersensitivity reaction that could have being associated with intravenous mixture administration. Our aim is to analize the difficulties related with pre-surgery nutrition and to clarify the main possible causes of the reaction.


La nutrición parenteral (NP) constituye un elemento esencial en el tratamiento de muchos pacientes hospitalizados. Sin embargo, su administración no está exenta de complicaciones quedando sujeta a la aparición de reacciones adversas de diversa índole como las de hipersensibilidad, por lo que es considerada por el ISMP (Institute for Safe Medication Practice) como medicación de riesgo. Se presenta el caso de una paciente oncológica con desnutrición severa, que tras recibir NPT durante varios días, desarrolla una reacción de hipersensibilidad que, ante la posibilidad de estar asociada a la administración de la mezcla intravenosa, nos planteo la dificultad de la nutrición preoperatoria y nos llevó a analizar las causas probables de esta reacción.


Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/etiologia , Soluções de Nutrição Parenteral/efeitos adversos , Nutrição Parenteral/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgia
11.
Nutr. hosp ; 29(3): 695-697, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-120643

RESUMO

La nutrición parenteral (NP) constituye un elemento esencial en el tratamiento de muchos pacientes hospitalizados. Sin embargo, su administración no está exenta de complicaciones quedando sujeta a la aparición de reacciones adversas de diversa índole como las de hipersensibilidad, por lo que es considerada por el ISMP (Institutefor Safe Medication Practice) como medicación de riesgo. Se presenta el caso de una paciente oncológica con desnutrición severa, que tras recibir NPT durante varios días, desarrolla una reacción de hipersensibilidad que, ante la posibilidad de estar asociada a la administración de la mezcla intravenosa, nos planteo la dificultad de la nutrición preoperatoria y nos llevó a analizar las causas probables de esta reacción (AU)


Parenteral nutrition (PN) is essential in the treatment of many hospitalized patients. However, administration of PN is not without potential complications and patients are exposed to related possible adverse reactions such as hypersensitivity. For that reason and because of the complexity of this treatment, PNs are considered by the ISMP (Institute for Safe Medication Practice) a high risk medication. Following is introduced the case of an oncologic patient with severe malnutrition, who after receiving PN for several days, developed a hypersensitivity reaction that could have being associated with intravenous mixture administration. Our aim is to analize the difficulties related with pre-surgery nutrition and to clarify the main possible causes of the reaction (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Nutrição Parenteral/efeitos adversos , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/diagnóstico , Soluções de Nutrição Parenteral/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/complicações , Braquiterapia/efeitos adversos
12.
Farm Hosp ; 37(5): 412-8, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24128105

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Patients infected with HIV demographic have changed in recent years and sometimes, co-infections with hepatitis virus B and C are common. Due to their longer survival, these patients often present diseases or undergo surgical procedures that preclude the intake of drugs, requiring the use of the enteral administration. This practice, however, may fail due to the lack of adherence, unsuitable drug blood concentrations caused by malabsorption or interactions, and dosage errors. We aim to develop management guidelines for antiviral drugs enteral administration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the technical specifications of drugs used in HIV, HBV or HCV. A search was conducted in Pubmed® database and Micromedex®, manufacturers were contacted for futher information and other related literature was reviewed. RESULTS: The results are shown in table 1. DISCUSSION: Although in pharmaceutical practice crushing tablets is common, sometimes suspension of crushed drugs in water is not completely appropriate for enteral administration, because this practice may alter the bioavailability of drugs, which may modify the therapeutic effect. There is currently not enough evidence that supports the practice of crushed and suspension of drugs exposed in this study. Therefore, the bioavailability of different formulations should be studied more carefully, especially of recent marketing drugs.


Introducción: Las características demográficas de los pacientes infectados por VIH han cambiado en los últimos años y las co-infecciones por virus de la hepatitis B y C son muy comunes en estos pacientes. Debido al aumento de supervivencia, a menudo estos pacientes presentan patologías o tienen que ser sometidos a intervenciones quirúrgicas que imposibilitan o dificultan la ingesta siendo necesaria la utilización de la vía enteral para la administración de fármacos. De entre los factores que influyen en el fracaso terapéutico destacan falta de adherencia, la falta de concentraciones adecuadas en sangre por malabsorción o interacciones y los errores de dosificación. Por ello se pretende elaborar una guía con recomendaciones de administración por vía enteral de los medicamentos antivirales. Material y métodos: Se revisaron las fichas técnicas de los medicamentos utilizados en VIH, VHB o VHC. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en las bases de datos Pubmed® y Micromedex®, se contactó con los fabricantes y se revisó otra literatura al respecto. Resultados: Los resultados se detallan en la Tabla 1. Discusión: A veces, la mera suspensión del comprimido triturado en agua no basta y esta práctica hace que muchos fármacos vean alterada su biodisponibilidad con la consiguiente modificación del efecto terapéutico. Actualmente no existe suficiente evidencia que apoye las prácticas de triturado y suspensión de los fármacos expuestos en este estudio, y consideramos que deberían llevarse a cabo más estudios para determinar la biodisponibilidad de formulaciones diferentes a las convencionales, especialmente de los medicamentos de reciente comercialización.


Assuntos
Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Gastrostomia , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite B/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Intubação Gastrointestinal , Fármacos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacocinética , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Disponibilidade Biológica , Química Farmacêutica , Transtornos de Deglutição/complicações , Formas de Dosagem , Composição de Medicamentos/métodos , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Hepatite B/complicações , Hepatite C/complicações , Humanos , Solubilidade
13.
Farm. hosp ; 37(5): 412-418, sept.-oct. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-120998

RESUMO

Introducción: Las características demográficas de los pacientes infectados por VIH han cambiado en los últimos años y las co-infecciones por virus de la hepatitis B y C son muy comunes en estos pacientes. Debido al aumento de supervivencia, a menudo estos pacientes presentan patologías o tienen que ser sometidos a intervenciones quirúrgicas que imposibilitan o dificultan la ingesta siendo necesaria la utilización de la vía enteral para la administración de fármacos. De entre los factores que influyen en el fracaso terapéutico destacan falta de adherencia, la falta de concentraciones adecuadas en sangre por malabsorción o interacciones y los errores de dosificación. Por ello se pretende elaborar una guía con recomendaciones de administración por vía enteral de los medicamentos antivirales. Material y métodos: Se revisaron las fichas técnicas de los medicamentos utilizados en VIH, VHB o VHC. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en las bases de datos Pubmed® y Micromedex®, se contactó con los fabricantes y se revisó otra literatura al respecto. Resultados: Los resultados se detallan en la Tabla 1.Discusión: A veces, la mera suspensión del comprimido triturado en agua no basta y esta práctica hace que muchos fármacos vean alterada su biodisponibilidad con la consiguiente modificación del efecto terapéutico. Actualmente no existe suficiente evidencia que apoye las prácticas de triturado y suspensión de los fármacos expuestos en este estudio, y consideramos que deberían llevarse a cabo más estudios para determinar la biodisponibilidad de formulaciones diferentes a las convencionales, especialmente de los medicamentos de reciente comercialización (AU)


Introduction: Patients infected with HIV demographic have changed in recent years and sometimes, co-infections with hepatitis virus B and C are common. Due to their longer survival, these patients often present diseases or undergo surgical procedures that preclude the intake of drugs, requiring the use of the enteral administration. This practice, however, may fail due to the lack of adherence, unsuitable drug blood concentrations caused by malabsorption or interactions, and dosage errors. We aim to develop management guidelines for antiviral drugs enteral administration. Material and methods: We reviewed the technical specifications of drugs used in HIV, HBV or HCV. A search was conducted in Pubmed® database and Micromedex®, manufacturers were contacted for futher information and other related literature was reviewed. Results: The results are shown in table 1.Discussion: Although in pharmaceutical practice crushing tablets is common, sometimes suspension of crushed drugs in water is not completely appropriate for enteral administration, because this practice may alter the bioavailability of drugs, which may modify the therapeutic effect. There is currently not enough evidence that supports the practice of crushed and suspension of drugs exposed in this study. Therefore, the bioavailability of different formulations should be studied more carefully, especially of recent marketing drugs (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite B Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Gastrostomia , Alimentos Formulados , Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Intubação Gastrointestinal , Transtornos de Deglutição/dietoterapia
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